
SUMMARY: Trying to envision the future of American democracy is proving to be difficult and despairing. Peter Turchin’s cliodynamics model of nation formation and dissolution is used mathematically model the national cycles of political integration and disintegration. It can help us understand the current state of American politics and where we might go after Trump exits the political stage. Somehow Tucker Carlson figures prominently in all of this as both a pundit and an example of what is wrong with American democracy. Go figure.
KEY WORDS: American politics, Tucker Carlson, Peter Turchin, Cliodynamics, Political stability, Wealth Gap, Elites
Trump’s election wasn’t about Trump. It was a throbbing middle finger in the face of America’s ruling class. It was a gesture of contempt, a howl of rage, the end result of decades of selfish and unwise decisions made by selfish and unwise leaders. Happy countries don’t elect Donald Trump… Desperate ones do.
Tucker Carlson, Ship of Fools: How a Selfish Ruling Class is Bringing America to the Brink of Revolution
I LOVE that quote, but HATE it that (a) Tucker Carlson wrote it; (b) it is so snarky; and (c) it is so accurate. To be sure, I didn’t read Carlson’s book. I didn’t even know it was published in 2018. As Jungian synchronicity would have it, I was reading Peter Turchin’s book, End Times: Elites, Counter-Elites, and the Path of Political Disintegration, about his mathematical model of the ebb and flow of the cohesion of nations and empires. He’s brought big data to the study of history in a field that he calls cliodynamics, when I stumbled across the quote. However, that’s not the synchronous part. The synchronicity came to play when I read this request in friend-o-the-blog’s, Tengrain’s post on Mock Paper Scissors:
So ask yourself this: what comes next? For the sake of argument, let’s say that Trump loses BIGLY in November, but if the party exists only in the service of that man, then what happens in 2028 when he is not on the ballot? What do they do? What happens to a Cult of Personality when that Cult Leader is gone (for whatever reason)?
(And this might be a good question to pose to our pal and Scissorhead Calico Jack at the Psy of Life blog.)
And that is why 2028 is what interests me today.
Tengrain, Mock Paper Scissors, 2028
That’s where Turchin and cliodynamics comes in because they are attempting to mathematically model what happens next. Cliodynamics is a portmanteau of Clio and dynamics where Clio is the Greek Muse of history and dynamics is, well, dynamics.
Turchin claims that by using an intricate database of information on various complex human societies that have cropped up over the millennia, it is possible to determine some general organizing principles. From their analysis, political instability occurs regularly and is caused by “the same basic set of forces,” so it might could be possible to predict when instability could occur. Apparently, history unfolds in periodic cycles of political integration and disintegration. Indeed, when Turchin made like a common Jeane Dixon and predicted the Turbulent Twenties back in 2010, we all ignored him much to our chagrin. In case you missed it, that means we’re now in a period of disintegration.
This here is part 1 of our dive into Turchin’s cliodynamics model of political stability and instability. We’re going to look at the model. In part 2, we’ll be looking at the implications of the model. That’s the way these model things go. You gotta understand them before you can apply them, and it all takes words. Lots of words. TL;DR. Story of Ye Olde Blogge.
Understanding the Cliodynamics Model of Political Integration and Disintegration
The model focuses on two broad variables: the wealth gap and the number of elites in a society. The wealth gap can be seen in metrics like income and wages, the average height of the population and average life expectancy. Elites are defined as people with over one million dollars in assets and have social or political influence. Not every wealthy person is a Charles Montgomery Plantagenet Schicklgruber Burns; some are Kardashians.
The Widening Wealth Gap: Implications for Political Stability”
Here’s what we know about the wealth gap in the US at this time:
- WAGE DISPARITY: The good news is that if you have a university degree or an advanced degree, you’re income more than likely increased substantially since the 1970’s. The more you know, the more you made, so to speak. The bad news is that if you have a high school diploma or less, your wages decreased. Between 1976 and 2016, our wages have lost 30% of their value.
- UNIVERSITY TUITION: The solution then is to get everyone a degree so everyone can make more money, right? Oh, you naive fool. Don’t you know that university tuition has skyrocketed since Reagan decided that your Pell Grant should be taxed as income? It’s only gotten harder for the less educated to join the more educated and reap some of that windfall.
- HEIGHT:
- You can tell a lot about the long-term health and well-being of a population if you just look at average height. Height is determined in the first twenty years of life and depends on nutrition, medical care, and how much heavy labor was required of the child. And you wonder why Republicans want children to be able to work longer hours at more dangerous jobs?
- The US of A had the highest average height in the world in the 1700’s and average height increased until about 1830. It declined until 1900 when it trended upward. In 1970, we no longer were getting taller. Europe left us behind height-wise.
- Funny how our stagnation in height matches our stagnation in wages.
- LIFE EXPECTANCY: Life expectancy for white Americans fell by one-tenth of a year in 2013. Worse, life expectancy for all Americans continued falling for three years! Then when #COVID-19 hit, life expectancy fell by 1.6 YEARS compared to 2014. Since the 1990’s we’ve seen these trends:
- Life expectancy for those with degrees continued rising, but for the less well-educated, life expectancy declined bigly.
- Deaths of despair, the poorly educated that I2I4 loves so so much are drinking, gunning, and opioiding themselves to death because living a Red State is oh, so much fun.
- The death rates of real live dead Americans in their thirties and forties grew faster than those of their parents, starting in 2005. Parents were burying their children.
As the wealth gap widens, so does discontent and misery in the general population as can be seen by a variety of metrics. If we break these issues down by race, we see that Black and Brown Americans are hurt first and worst by all of the growing poverty. No wonder no one is feeling Bidenomics.
The Implications of the Overproduction of Elites
Here’s what Turchin says about elites and their role in the cycles of political integration and disintegration:
- WEALTH PUMP: The rich have to get their money from somewhere, and they get it from the not rich. As long as the gap between the top 10% and 90% remains small and constant, you know, like it was from say 1950 to 1980 or so, then we have a stable society, but after Reagan, things went into the shitter.
- SWELLING NUMBERS: You’d think that if the number of millionaires and billionaires per capita grew it would be a sign that the country was doing well, but it ain’t. People figure out how to get some of that money for themselves. The elites have babies. They want their children to have elite jobs or no jobs or whatever. The problem is there are only so many jobs for those elites to have. Turns out they aren’t great at creating jobs even for themselves much less the rest of us. So, what do they do? They sow unrest.
- DESTABILIZING EFFECT: There is nothing worse than a bored trust fund baby-man. They are white, entitled, and just don’t care about the rest of us. The best example of this is Tucker Carlson.
- While Tucker Carlson isn’t really directly connected to the Swanson TV dinners folks — like John Kerry isn’t reaping the windfall of the Heinz Ketchup fortune — he is one of the overproduced elites that destabilize countries. It’s not like Carlson didn’t know the effect he was having on his audience.
- The demographics of the 6 January insurrectionists tell us a bunch about it, too:
- The states the people charged in the insurrection have been in proportion to the state’s populace except for Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and Montana. They sent more than their fair share. Kentucky, sure, but Maryland? Really?
- Fifty-two percent of the insurrectionists were from counties that Biden won. What? Before you go scratching your ass, there’s something else these counties have in common: they have all seen declines in the white, non-Hispanic populations. Hunh? Go figure.
- The demographics of arrested insurrectionists: average age, 40; 40% are business owners or hold white-collar jobs; and only 9% were unemployed.
- The median household income of the average Trump voter is $72,000.00 per year, which is well above the average.
What happens to all those folks who got their degrees, especially an advanced degree, but couldn’t get a job with it? The big joke in college towns is that your server has a useless PhD, right? We’ve got way more lawyers, engineers, MBA’s, and other professionals than we have jobs for them.
CONCLUSION: White America is populated by Tucker Carlsons only without the million-dollar-a-year TV job. These people are frustrated because they’ve been sold a bill of goods. They were told that if they worked hard and got a degree, daddy or mommy’s firm would give them a job, you know, legacy-style. Only that ain’t happening. Now, we’ve got a cadre of entitled frustrated angry brats looking for something to do to make their lives worthwhile.

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Imagery Attribution
“USA Falling Apart” by shannonkringen is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.






Thinking about the demographics of the MAGA, I suddenly pictured a lot of 40 something White men in midlife crisis who couldn’t afford to get a shiny red Italian sports car or, as taste might dictate, a shiny new monster pickup truck with fat wheels and as close to straight pipes as law will allow.
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Apparently, they aren’t able to live in as white of neighborhoods as they would like to, either. It’s tough being a white man in America, where, apparently, you can’t even beat up a Black man on a dock for just doing his job.
Jack
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Apparently so, after all, if you can’t beat up a Black man, who can you beat up other than you wife and kids? Oh, right, there’s still queers and drag performers, and librarians.
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Unfortunately, there are too few of them to go around and they aren’t always conveniently located when you feel like beating someone. Um, ha ha, you know?
Jack
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I guess that then there’s always punching holes in the wall.
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It’s one theory. It has some good insights, and some that, to me, miss the mark. It reminds me of minismkirt theory advanced in the 60s and early 70s, the higher the hemlines on women’s skirts, the better the state of the ecomomy. Miniskirts (60s) became microskirts (early 70s) then fell to granny dresses in the later 70s. The thing was, different ages, different social positions, and different parts if the world were all wearing different legths of skirts and dresses all at the same time. The economy was in no way affected by hemlines!
I think similar statements can be made about the cliodynamics theory proposed above. Definitely some people were growing taller at times, which affected the aversge height of the population, but in reality those who grew taller were only a small part of the population. Most people stayed within average ranges. If you look hard enough, coincidences are there to be found. Coincidences do not mean correlations.
I will say this — wealth inequities are a definite factor, but what are the real reasons behind wealth inequity? In 1972, I believe, the Gold Standard was dropped as the limit on producing money. Money started to be produced without limits. Even though the value was spurious with the Gold Standard, there was only so much to go around. Suddenly there was an abundance of money, but the value did not change. A dollar was still a dollar. But what did that really mean. It was meaningless to most of the people in the country, but to the wealthy it meant they could increase their fortunes to previously unheard of heights. The poor did not get richer, but the already rich certainly did. But so did a lot of entrepreneurs. The number of millionaires skyrocketed.
And then came the credit craze. The credit craze does not use money at all, not printed money! Computers allowed money to be spent without paper money being involved until credit payments were made. When the rich paid credit hills, they used virtual money, but when poor people paid credit bills they had to use real money, and paper money started to be funnelled into rich coffers even faster than before. The already wealthy gave credit in virtual dollars, but they took payment in real dollars. Where billionaires were once a rarity, they started popping up all over the place. But they weren’t finished yet. Even while the prices of goods were steafily rising, more goods were being bought on credit. And there was a price to pay on credit — it was called interest, and then compound interest. Who used credit? Poor people, for sure, but also the middle classes. Buy now, pay later. But buying now raised the price of goods even higher when interest costs were added. And who was profiting from interest charges? The wealthy, of course! And billionaires became multi-billionaires. If things carry on as they are presently headed, we will be seeing trillionaires in 20 to 30 years. But the poor are still going to be poor, and there are going to be a lot more poor people.
Sorry for going on, this comment was not intended to be this lengthy, but I got on a rant — wnich isn’t finished yet — but is being ended here. Cliodynamics! Bidenomics! Mere words. Some truth to them, but not the whole picture…
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Howdy Rawdog!
Theories make predictions that can be tested. So far, the predictions made by cliodynamics have been borne out by data. The one striking prediction made by Turchin on the basis of the model’s analysis was that the US was due for a discordant political scene in the twenties.
The US is a plutocracy in which the government serves the needs of the rich, typically the top 10% of the population. One of the reasons that no one is feeling the benefit or relief of Bidenomics is because the rich are still syphoning up all of the money most recently through artificially inflated prices.
Huzzah!
Jack
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No respect. Who the hell is Rawdog? The name is rawgod.
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My apologies. That’s what’s known as a typo. No insult intened.
Jack
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Apology accepted. Rawdog us the most common typo since I adopted the name 40 years ago.
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I remember where I ran into that bit about unemployed intellectuals. It was in a discussion of the traditional Mandarin system in China saying how the system of very difficult examinations that could be taken as many times as the candidate wanted to try in order to join that elite, and the long preparation of study of the Chinese classics and history kept ambitious young men busy, sometimes well into middle age, thus avoiding the unemployed intellectual problem. And, membership in that elite was not hereditary except through advantages and opportunities a member could give to relatives.
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Howdy Bob!
That is an example that Turchin cites in his book concerning the effects of the overproduction of elites. It was those disaffected elites that brought down the last dynasty. They didn’t single-handedly defeat the Qing, but their struggle against them so weakened the empire that it became vulnerable to outside powers.
Demographers tell us that the most unstable societies are those with a surplus of young men in their twenties, especially unemployed, unmarried, unoccupied young men. They get into trouble. It is one of the contributing factors to the problems Mexico is facing with the cartels. The other is the demand for the product in the US and the supply of guns by the US. US policy can affect two out of the three factors, but we just don’t bother. Anywho.
Turchin’s contribution is that it isn’t the rank and file that you have to watch when it comes to destabilizing challenges to the status quo, it is the elite. Any government worth its salt can produce a police force that can suppress crime and challenges to its authority. It’s when the members of the ruling class get involved with those challenges that it becomes dire. What’s a young member of the elite going to do in Mexico when he can’t get a government job or other prestigious appointment? Join a cartel? Sure maybe. What is the elite of Mexico going to do when the cartels are producing millionaires faster than they can?
The root of the issue for all governments when they have an excess of elites is that money talks and can buy influence. It is exactly what we’re seeing in the Republican Party — they’ve been bought and paid for by some of those exact elites along with the foundations and other think-tanks that conservative billionaires fund and the conservative media companies that keep springing up.
Huzzah!
Jack
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And, so many countries, indeed, whole regions in the world have that oversupply of young men at all levels of education and parental wealth , combined with competing elites or would-be elites.
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They say necessity is the mother of all invention. I guess when there just aren’t enough suitable jobs available, then you go about inventing your own even if it means burning the entire society to the ground and starting anew.
Huzzah!
Jack
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Destruction is always easier that building something new inside what is in place.
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I think Gandhi said something similar.
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Very likely
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But, what it all worlds down to, in November at election time is merely this: does Trump still have what it takes, to, bully the voters by using the fear tactics, into, voting for him, and, if he could, kidnap the nomination of the presidency on the Republican Party, and, is the Republican Party, actually, fumb enogh, to, put this, master manipulator who plays into people’s fears, on the, nomination, slip, and, chances are, he will, problably, win, because, he’s, excellent in, playing people’s fears against them, like how the people voted for that president from the 60s (was it now???), because the alternative, WAR, is, much, worse…
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Howdy Taurus!
Trump is the master manipulator and instinctively understands propaganda, interestingly because propaganda is the use of gaslighting techniques on a larger scale. Narcissists gaslight on a personal level, dictators on a national level.
Trump will most assuredly be the nomination of the GOP. I can’t see it going any other way no matter how his court cases turn out. Even if Fani Willis manages to convict him — if she can get to trial, she most assuredly will, but it will probably take years to do so — he can still do it all from jail.
There are signs that the grift is running its course, though. Managing four felony indictments is expensive. So, there’s that.
I don’t think Trump will win the general election. His MAGA base is at best 30% of the electorate. And, the other side is fired up over abortion rights and book bans. Turn out should be massive for this election, so it favors the Democrats. The abortion coattails will be long.
I think you’re referring to Nixon and his secret “plan” to end the American War in Viet Nam. The three modern presidents who have done the most to damage America are Nixon, Reagan, and Trump. Reagan, perhaps, most of all.
Huzzah!
Jack
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I’m going to try to track down a quote I recall from somewhere by somebody to the effect that one the most dangerous things a country can have for it’s political stability is a lot of unemployed intellectuals, those kids with he useless degrees. That would be the unemployed or under employed Tuckers loaded down with student loan debt. But not just them, also their parents, the parents who based part of their definition of parental success on the expectation that their children would do better (more upwardly mobile) than they did. That is a deep narcissistic wound, a sense of failure.
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Howdy Bob!
The other country that the intelligentsia played a significant role is in early 20th century czarist Russia. It was the intelligentsia that fueled the anarchists, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, and others in their revolutionary zeal. They were also surplus elites who couldn’t get positions in the bureaucracy or anywhere else.
Wage stagnation more than inflation has done more to limit the buying power of the American middle class than anything else. Wages are based on what the owner class are willing to pay and the worker class is able to demand. Reagan tilted the playing field back towards owners when he broke the back of the unions. They haven’t quite been able to undo the New Deal, but the Great Society has taken a beating.
Short-term self-interest. That’s what ails America today according to Turchin.
Huzzah!
Jack
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One problem that has never been cracked is how to get capitalism oriented away from the short-term to long-term thinking. Mixed socialist-capitalist systems have managed to limit that damage, but in capitalist-populist systems (fascist) it runs amok.
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Howdy Bob!
I’ve said this before, but you’d think corporate managers and boards would take a longer view of things out of self-interest. The fossil fuel industry is one of the best examples, it should know that the days of fossil fuels are numbered, so the transition to other fuels, perhaps renewables, is inevitable. Given the inevitability and the amount of time, money, and effort it would take to develop a viable business model for other fuels would suggest investing now for a pay off fifty years hence. But, that’s not what is happening.
Part of the issue is, I think, group decision making. It is a combination of groups to become more radical than individuals and groupthink.
Turchin talks of loosely organized, almost ad hoc, social networks of elites. It is those people that you have to get on board with whatever reform you need. He cites the willingness of the 10% to forgo profits in the name of social stability in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Another contributing factor was the thirty years of growing progressive influence in the US that preceded it.
Unfortunately, it will take a crisis of unprecedented proportion to get us to shift off of our current focus on short-term self-interest. The Great Recession didn’t do it. The #COVID-19 pandemic didn’t do it. The climate crisis has yet to do it. We’ll see if worsening climate disasters will.
Huzzah!
Jack
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We will see. It is hard to believe that it hasn’t happened by now, but it would require one of our political parties to do a full 180 on the subject (in response to the demand of the money people), and manage that in a way that wouldn’t totally freak out their base. For now, I think it is fair to say ant any of them who’ve thought about it don’t see how to do that.
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Other than to take credit for the “good” things that legislation they opposed has brought to their constituents and to oppose things that are too woke even though they reap the rewards as in lowered green house gas emissions and other benefits. Otherwise, they are all Manchin clones who want to gift the fossil fuels industry with tax breaks to keep them profitable and going and increase taxes on renewable energy competitors to make it more difficult for them.
The Evangelical base believes in the End of Days and wants the world to end. Unless they are convinced that their ascension into heaven during the second coming is based on being a good shepherd of the earth and climate instead of exploiting it for their own short-term self-interest, then we’re probably stuck with a Republican Party that is going to fight us on climate change until the bitter end.
Huzzah!
Jack
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More evidence of the necessity that the current incarnation of that party suffer crushing defeat.
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I have no confidence that we can issue such a defeat, though. Hopefully, the Dems can make the election a referendum on rights and democracy and a resounding defeat can be achieved.
Huzzah!
Jack
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I’ll take whatever level of win we can get, but the bigger, and the farther down the ballot the better.
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Howdy Bob!
Looking at the 2024 Congressional election makes it seem bleak. Given that Tester in Montana, Kaine in Virginia, and Manchin in West Virginia are all up this year, makes it likely that we’ll lose the Senate. There just aren’t any likely Dem wins in red states that are up this year. I think Brown in Ohio should be good for another win, and the Dems should take Arizona.
Gerrymandering makes House district races tricky, but it is possible for the Dems to win the House. With luck, the toss-up races will go largely Democratic and we can pick up a few seats.
With that as the backdrop it is imperative for Biden to win the presidency.
Even though I’m confident our democracy will survive, it seems like it will be just barely for some time.
Huzzah!
Jack
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That seems accurate.
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Short-term self-interest is a powerful argument, especially when it numbers in the hundreds of millions if not billions.
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Quite so. The only way I can think of to shift the whole system from short to long term thinking would be to shut down the stock market so that everybody, individual (and their heirs to the last generation) or corporate entity would be stuck with whatever stocks they have in perpetuity, thus ensuring that they would require the managers to plan for the very long term. Fat chance of that.
Hidden Brain speaks to the short term v long term issue in personal terms. We have lots of cognitive habits leaning toward short term. https://hiddenbrain.org/podcast/you-2-0-your-future-is-now/
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